Reading 4 · Letter combinations
゛and ゜change sounds. Small ゃ, ゅ, ょ combine with the previous kana; small っ takes one timing unit before the next consonant. ー lengthens the preceding vowel.
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Examples
Find a form in the table, then spot it in an example word. Try reading, listen, and read again with the hint covered.
| Written form | Reading hint |
|---|---|
| か → が | ka → ga |
| は → ば → ぱ | ha → ba → pa |
| きゃ きゅ きょ | kya kyu kyo |
| しゃ しゅ しょ | sha shu sho |
| ちゃ ちゅ ちょ | cha chu cho |
| きて → きって | kite → kitte |
| コーヒー | kōhī |
Hints are aids. Slashes enclose IPA; other Latin text is a reading guide for that language. Spelling does not predict every detail of speech.
New examples use the matching device voice. Listening may be unavailable without it. Synthetic speech is a reference; native-speaker review is pending.
かぎ
kagi
Look for: が
ぱん
pan
Look for: ぱ
おちゃ
ocha
Look for: ちゃ
きって
kitte
Look for: っ
きょう
kyō
Look for: きょ・う
コーヒー
kōhī
Look for: ー
Pronunciation guides are approximate. Listen to the sounds.
Read without the hint
Read the original first, then open it to check the hint and meaning.
かぎ
kagi
Look for: が
ぱん
pan
Look for: ぱ
おちゃ
ocha
Look for: ちゃ
きって
kitte
Look for: っ
きょう
kyō
Look for: きょ・う
コーヒー
kōhī
Look for: ー
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かぎ
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